HIV蛋白酶抑制剂的临床应用进展

自从1996年蛋白酶抑制剂（PI）被使用到高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）中以来,HIV携带者的发病率和艾滋病患者的死亡率被大大降低。至今经美国FDA批准上市的蛋白酶抑制剂已有11种,其中多种药物被列为美国和欧洲HIV治疗指南的一线治疗方案。然而我国在这方面的报道还不足,因此,本文对HAART,蛋白酶抑制剂的发展史和海外临床应用现状作一综述。     

药物作用靶点研究最新进展

通过对我国学者近2年在国内外发表的相关论文进行检索和整理,分类综述针对神经退行性疾病（如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等）、心血管疾病（如离血压、心律失常、心衰、冠心病、心肌梗死、动脉粥样硬化等）、脑血管疾病、代谢类疾病（如肥胖症、血脂异常、脂肪肝、糖尿病等）、感染性疾病（如艾滋病、流感、结核病等）、恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病等多种疾病的药物作用靶点研究最新进展。     

KU004 induces G1 cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer SKBR-3 cells by modulating PI3K/Akt pathway

KU004 is a newly synthesized compound which has been demonstrated possessing potent anti-cancer activities through targeting the highly-expressed protein HER2 on the surface of the cells. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of KU004 in the induced-cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells. KU004 could not only inhibit the proliferation of SK-BR-3 in a concentration-dependent manner but also induce G1 phase arrest in SK-BR-3 cells. The western blot results showed KU004 decreased the expression of cyclin D, CDK-4, p-Rb708/780, and up-regulated the p21. In order to verify whether KU004 takes the anti-tumor effect thought the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway, we used western blot to detect the expression of protein Akt, Her2, p-Akt and p-Her2. Our results shown that after KU004 treatment, the amount of p-Akt and p-Her2 decreased but the total amount of Akt and Her2 remained unchanged. In conclusion, these results provide a framework for further exploration of KU004 as a novel chemotherapeutic for human breast tumors by modulating PI3K/Akt pathway.     

Deoxypodophyllotoxin triggers necroptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer NCI-H460 cells

Deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), a naturally occurring microtubule destabilizer, inhibits tubulin polymerization and causes cell cycle arrest at G₂/M phase in tumor cells. However, the anti-tumor effect and specific mechanism of DPT in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still poorly understood. In this study, we determined the anti-tumor effect and potential mechanism of DPT in the NSCLC cell line, NCI-H460 (H460). First, we demonstrated that DPT significantly inhibits the proliferation of H460 cells in vitro and the growth of H460 xenografts in vivo. In further studies, DPT triggered necroptosis in H460 cells with the following characteristics: (I) necrotic cell death morphology; (II) autophagy; (III) loss of plasma membrane integrity; (IV) loss of mitochondria membrane potential; (V) elevation of reactive oxygen species levels; and (VI) specific inhibition of necroptosis via a small molecule, necrostatin-1. This study also revealed that DPT has a similar effect towards the drug-sensitive cancer cell line, H460, and the drug-resistant cell line, H460/Bcl-xL. To our knowledge, this is the first report to document the induction of necroptosis by a microtubule-targeting agent to circumvent cancer drug resistance, thereby providing a new potential choice for clinical cancer therapy, especially drug-resistant cancer therapy.     

内质网应激与肝脏损伤的治疗

内质网应激是一种细胞自我保护性机制的信号反应通路系统,参与许多疾病的生理病理过程。内质网应激参与多种肝脏损伤的发生与发展,包括免疫性肝损伤、病毒性肝损伤、中毒性肝损伤、脂肪性肝损伤等。以内质网应激为切入点,深入探讨内质网应激的分子机制、作用功能,以及内质网应激与各种肝损伤之间的关系。结合临床药物的作用机制,内质网应激可能成为治疗肝脏损伤相关疾病的新靶点。     

增氧型纳米递送系统用于光动力治疗的研究进展

光动力治疗是一种新型非侵入性治疗手段,其原理是光敏剂经激光触发后将能量转移至氧气,生成具有细胞毒性的单线态氧,从而诱导肿瘤细胞发生凋亡或坏死。作为一种氧依赖性治疗方式,光动力治疗的抗肿瘤效果明显受限于实体瘤的乏氧微环境。因此,逆转并改善肿瘤组织的缺氧情况可显著增强光动力治疗效果。本文重点讨论纳米递送系统介导的肿瘤增氧策略的研究进展,包括氧气直接递送策略、酶催化产氧递送策略、响应型材料原位产氧递送策略和微生物体供氧递送策略,以提高光动力治疗抗肿瘤效果,为进一步研究增氧型光动力治疗纳米给药系统提供了新思路和新方案。     

基于真实世界数据的高风险植入类无源医疗器械上市后风险监测技术专家共识

高风险植入类无源医疗器械的上市后监测是医疗器械风险管理的重要环节,通过对高风险医疗器械上市后安全性信号的监测和评价,最大限度地控制医疗器械潜在的风险,保证医疗器械安全、有效地使用,避免发生群体性严重后果,是医疗器械生产、经营、使用机构和技术监测部门的共同职责.为了更好地促进和辅助高风险植入类无源医疗器械的上市后监测,本...     

Preclinical anti-angiogenesis and anti-tumor activity of SIM010603, an oral,multi-targets receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitor

Objective  

SIM010603 is a structurally novel, oral, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study investigated the anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects of SIM010603.     

欧盟医疗器械上市后风险趋势分析方法研究

目的 研究医疗器械上市后风险评估的统计学方法,提高风险管理的科学水平.方法 参考欧盟医疗器械新法规中即将实施的趋势报告要求,探索趋势分析方法在医疗器械上市后风险评估中的实践运用,举例说明通过历史数据确定控制限和持续趋势监测的过程,讨论实践中面临的问题.结果 趋势分析是科学评估医疗器械上市后风险的方法之一,适于在国内推行...